Discover the remarkable Beechcraft 1900, a twin-turboprop aircraft that revolutionized regional aviation. Whether you’re an aviation enthusiast or industry professional, understanding this versatile aircraft’s capabilities and history provides valuable insights into modern regional air transport.
Overview of the Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 stands as a testament to innovation in regional aviation, evolving from the successful Beechcraft Super King Air platform. Currently in active service, this aircraft continues to demonstrate its operational excellence across global airlines. Its remarkable adaptability to both major airports and challenging airfields has established it as a cornerstone of regional aviation.
Introduction to the Beechcraft 1900
Emerging as a solution to late 20th century regional air transport demands, the Beechcraft 1900 effectively bridges the gap between compact commuter aircraft and larger regional jets. Its success in North America and Europe stems from its optimal balance of capacity and economic efficiency, particularly on routes serving smaller communities.
Development and Production
The Beechcraft 1900’s lineage traces back to the 1949 Model 50 Twin Bonanza, originally designed for U.S. Army applications. Through continuous evolution and refinement, including the development of the Model 65 Queen Air and Super King Air series, the 1900 emerged as a specialized regional airline aircraft. Production commenced in the early 1980s, with the 1900D variant marking a significant milestone in the aircraft’s development journey.
Specifications and Performance of the Beechcraft 1900
The aircraft’s exceptional performance characteristics include:
- Empty weight: 4,732 kg (10,432 lbs)
- Maximum takeoff weight: 7,764 kg (17,117 lbs)
- Payload capacity: Over 3,000 kg
- Short runway capability
- High operational flexibility
Technical Specifications
The Beechcraft 1900’s design incorporates several key features that enhance its operational capabilities:
- High-wing configuration for superior stability
- Pressurized cabin for passenger comfort
- Enhanced headroom compared to competitors
- Efficient ground handling characteristics
- Optimized dimensions for regional operations
Engine and Performance
| Variant | Engine Type | Power Output |
|---|---|---|
| 1900D | Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67D | 1,279 shaft horsepower each |
| C-12J (Military) | Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65B | 1,100 horsepower each |
Features and Variants of the Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900’s versatility extends across multiple operational roles, including regional airline service, cargo transport, and corporate travel. This adaptability has secured its position as a preferred choice among diverse operators.
Passenger and Cargo Features
The aircraft offers exceptional flexibility in its configuration:
- Maximum passenger capacity: 19 seats
- Quick-conversion capability between passenger and cargo layouts
- Reinforced floor for cargo operations
- Efficient boarding and deplaning design
- Specialized cargo door for freight operations
The 1900D Variant
The Beechcraft 1900D represents the ultimate evolution of the 1900 series, featuring significant enhancements that set it apart from its predecessors. The aircraft’s distinctive stand-up cabin allows passengers to move freely throughout the aircraft, addressing a crucial comfort factor that earlier models lacked.
- Stand-up cabin design for improved passenger comfort
- Advanced winglets for enhanced aerodynamic efficiency
- Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) integration
- Modern avionics suite for reduced pilot workload
- Reliable Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprop engines
Operational History and Usage
The Beechcraft 1900’s journey began with its maiden flight on September 3, 1982, marking the start of its impressive aviation legacy. Following successful testing, the aircraft entered commercial service in February 1984, quickly establishing itself as a dependable regional aviation workhorse.
Production spanned from 1982 to 2002, during which the aircraft underwent continuous refinement and improvement. The Beechcraft 1900’s enduring ‘in service’ status demonstrates its lasting impact on regional passenger transport, cargo operations, and specialized missions across both civilian and government sectors.
Commercial Operators
| Operator | Primary Use |
|---|---|
| Ameriflight | Time-sensitive cargo and freight services |
| Alpine Air Express | Mixed passenger and cargo operations |
| Central Mountain Air | Regional passenger service to remote communities |
Military Use
In military service, the Beechcraft 1900 operates as the C-12J, demonstrating exceptional versatility in military transport and utility missions. The aircraft’s robust design and operational flexibility make it ideal for diverse military applications.
- Personnel transport and cargo delivery
- Logistical support operations
- Maritime patrol capabilities
- Aerial surveillance missions
- Medical evacuation services
Safety Record and Incidents
The Beechcraft 1900’s safety record reflects both achievements and challenges throughout its operational history. Since its first flight in 1982 and commercial debut in 1984, the aircraft has undergone continuous safety improvements and procedural refinements to enhance its reliability and operational safety.
Notable Accidents
Two significant incidents stand out in the aircraft’s history: the August 21, 1990 Republic of China Air Force crash in Yunlin County, Taiwan, resulting in 18 casualties, and the December 28, 1991 Business Express Airlines training accident. These events led to important safety protocol revisions and enhanced training requirements.
Safety Features
- Short runway operational capability
- Advanced weather radar systems
- Traffic collision avoidance systems (TCAS)
- High-wing design for enhanced stability
- Robust structural integrity
- Modern navigation and communication systems
Comparisons with Similar Aircraft
The Beechcraft 1900 distinguishes itself in the regional aircraft market through several key features. The 1900D variant particularly stands out with its enhanced certification under FAR Part 23 ‘Commuter Category’, surpassing its predecessors’ SFAR 41C standards.
| Feature | Beechcraft 1900D | Earlier Variants |
|---|---|---|
| Certification | FAR Part 23 Commuter Category | SFAR 41C standards |
| Cabin Design | Stand-up cabin | Standard height cabin |
| Aerodynamics | Winglets included | No winglets |
| Engine Power | Enhanced power output | Standard power configuration |
Comparative Analysis
- BAe Jetstream Comparison – The Beechcraft 1900D offers higher passenger capacity and enhanced cabin comfort compared to the slightly smaller Jetstream 31, making it more suitable for busier regional routes.
- Dornier 228 Comparison – While the Dornier 228 excels in STOL operations and rugged environments, the Beechcraft 1900 provides superior features for mainstream regional airline operations:
- Pressurized cabin for passenger comfort
- Higher cruise speed for efficient operations
- Greater passenger capacity
- Extended range capabilities
- Enhanced regional route suitability